CS 462: Final exam questions

On the exam, there will be two questions from this list, and
one "practical" problem to be announced in class.

1. Explain different views on AI:
   - systems that think like humans;
   - systems that act like humans;
   - systems that think rationally;
   - systems that act rationally.
Having learned so much about AI this semester, which of these
views is the closest to your understanding of the subject and 
why?

2. What is an intelligent agent? Describe different components
of an AI agent and explain differences between simple reflex
agents, agents with an internal model model of the world, goal-
based agents, and utility-based agents. What is a diffence between
a performance measure and a utility function?

3. Define a problem-solving agent utilizing search. How a
search problem is defined? What types of searches you know?
Compare them in the view of the types of problems that they are
best suited for?

4. Define a knowledge-based agent, and describe its major components.
What is knowledge representation? What KR formalisms do you know--
explain and compare them (be sure to include PL, FOL, semantic nets
and frames)

5. Define the notions of entailment and inference: how do they
relate? Explain how to prove the validity of a PL sentence.
Give an example. What is the difference between a model and
an interpretation?

6. What are the inference rules of PL? Explain their properties,
and comment on the complexity of propositional inference.
What are the weaknesses of PL from the KR point of view?

7. Define the syntax and semantics of FOL. Explain FOL inference
procedure and comment on its complexity. What is unification,
and why is it important?

8. Explain (in detail) and compare forward and backward chaining
algorithms.

9. What is knowledge engineering? Explain the difference between
shallow knowledge and deep knowledge, and rule-based systems 
and model-based systems respectively.

10. How FOL can be expanded to represent and handle assumptions?
Explain PROLOG negation as failure rule and default rules in
default logic. Compare default reasoning and logic (PL, FOL) 
reasoning.

11. Explain the resolution method, and give an example to illustrate
how it works. Is it complete? If not, how to extend it, to make it
complete. Explain the refutation method.